. Introduction: Kidney stones are small, hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys — and they can cause a lot of pain. The good news? They’re often preventable. Main Points: • What Causes Kidney Stones? o Dehydration o Diet high in salt, sugar, or oxalates o Genetics o Medical conditions like gout • Symptoms: o Sharp pain in the back or side o Pain during urination o Blood in urine o Nausea or vomiting • Treatment Options: Drinking fluids, medications, shock wave therapy, surgery (in severe cases) • Prevention Tips: o Stay hydrated (2-3 liters of water/day) o Limit salt, soda, and animal protein o Eat calcium-rich foods, but avoid supplements without doctor’s advice Conclusion: Kidney stones may be common, but with smart habits, you can avoid the pain altogether.